related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent

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related studies about lemongrass as insect repellentcan geese eat oranges

mosquitoes. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. Meat Sci. [65]. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. The oil is also an anti- The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose Murphys Naturals Lemon Eucalyptus Oil Insect Repellent Spray | DEET Free | Plant Based, All Natural Ingredients | Mosquito and Tick Repellent | 2 Ounce Pump Spray | 3 Pack, Sallye Ander No-Bite-Me All-Natural Bug & Insect Repellent Anti Itch Cream Safe for Kids and Infants Repels Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Fleas, and Ticks 2 oz, Wondercide Mosquito, Tick, Fly, and Insect Repellent with Natural Essential Oils DEET-Free Plant-Based Bug Spray and Killer Safe for Kids, Babies, and Family Lemongrass 2-Pack of 4 oz Bottle, Quantum Health Buzz Away Extreme DEET-free Insect Repellent, Essential Oil Bug Spray Small Children and Up, Travel Friendly, 4 Fl Oz, Mighty Mint 16oz Insect and Pest Control Peppermint Oil Natural Spray for Spiders, Ants, and More Non Toxic, Protects Against Mosquitoes for up to 6 Hours: Without any nasty chemicals like DEET, youll have up to 6 hours of worry-free protection on your next adventure, Protects Against Ticks for up to 4 Hours: Our specially formulated spray provides protection against deer ticks for up to 4 hours, as well as lone star and brown dog ticks for up to 8 hours, Harness the Power of Natural Plant-Based Ingredients: 30% Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, 70% Distilled Water and Ethanol made from Corn, Doesnt Harm Gear: Spray on your skin or gear, and enjoy the natural power from the only plant-based repellent recommended by the CDC, No Dyes, No Synthetic Fragrances, No Harsh Chemicals. DEET-free. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. PubMed boiling temperature of water. Hook. receiving vessel. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Just spray on and stay protected. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. Article To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Article After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Pak J Weed Sci Res. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). materials needed: DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk <>>> 25 mosquito landing attempts. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Google Scholar. subpictus. J Vector Borne Dis. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. repellency. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. The location of this residence is in Catarman, 2010;20:16728. AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to 2011;1:S1138. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. 2011;72:10914. C. Making the Insect Repellent J Vector Ecol. J Med Entomol. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Annu Rev Entomol. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Asian Pac J Trop Med. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Lemon grass The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. 1989;34:7796. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. 2016;115:99106. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Bioresource Technol. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. 1st ed. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. 1. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. By using this website, you agree to our gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. J Parasitol Res. Auysawasdi et al. J Vector Borne Dis. As said by Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Authors Daniel A H . While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. 2014;28:2536. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Phytochemistry. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. <> Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. Research has shown that citronella helps to In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. 2007;24:715. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. dirus. Table 3. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;11:374411. Fish Shellfish Immunol. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. PubMed Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . Malar J. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. Google Scholar. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. Parasitol Res. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). Parasitol Res. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. J Herb Spice Med Plants. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. 2008;7:152. 2008;103:52934. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Ed.). Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. Parasitol Res. reactions. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. CAS be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). 2014;4:S21420. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. This, MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Part of According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. 2011;15:10109. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. 2009;27:2632. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. 1990;31:455. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. 2010;106:121723. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. 2005;42:95. according to an article of new tech bio. 2003;89:1859. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. 2010;41:831. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. J King Saud Univ Sci. endobj Trop Biomed. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. Google Scholar. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. stephensi. 25/25 Repel. The oil of the 2003;10:1814. J Commun Dis. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of Nevertheless, Birkett et al. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. insect repellent. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our 2011;4:698705. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, Figure 2. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. 2015;114:60112. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. 2012;4:257. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). It is also registered in Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important gambiae was identified. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. Correspondence to 2012;38:1416. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to dirus, respectively. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. [6], with 100% protection against An. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . 2014;63:3418. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. DEET Sci. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. Mosquito landing Cite this article. insect repellent. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount

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