which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

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which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?bluntz strain indica or sativa

d. damage control. Admittedly, single factors do emerge during a persons life, but as they arise, the factors become part of the individual. d. unconscious feelings of loss. Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. c. increased participation in very high-risk activities. d. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). What are the three parts of personality according to Freud? ADHD is more common in males than females, though females are more likely to have inattention issues. size the different models of abnormality and to avoid oversimplifying the complex nature of human problems. Briefly outline how communication in the nervous system occurs. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral c. humanistic-existential d. biological. Right? Maybe I am not paid weekly now. Providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed. For operant conditioning, this means that if I make a behavior, then a specific consequence will follow. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. Skinner talked about contingencies or when one thing occurs due to another. d. self-help therapy. According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: a. positive transference. a. existential A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: a. develop depression when under stress. c. working to change unacceptable thoughts. b. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? If this is true, how can we know anything about controversial matters? d. Genes do not interact with the environment. PSYC 203 Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality, Week 12: CNS Drugs Neurodegenerative, Neurolo, Week 11: PNS Drugs (Cholinergic, Adrenergic). Since then, I haven't been able to swim in a lake. A friend recommends this therapy. How does the existential perspective approach psychopathology? Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior - CliffsNotes The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. This is called: a. fixation. c. intellectualization. d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. d. encourages individuals to share information with the group. As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. Humans have several of these reflexes, though not as many as other animals due to our more complicated nervous system. Divorce or the death of a spouse can lead to anxiety disorders. Recognizing the signs that you or someone you love may have a mental disorder is the first step toward getting treatment. List and define the ten defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. The humanistic perspective. During a meeting, Shondas manager asks her to free associate about her coworkers performance. Critics of the behavioral perspective point out that it oversimplifies behavior and often ignores inner determinants of behavior. In Panel B, we see that a neutral stimulus (NS) produces no response. To stop some undesirable behavior you made in the past, they likely took away some privilege. b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. Though not neurons, glial cells play an important part in helping the nervous system to be the efficient machine that it is. For more information on psychotropic medications, please visit: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml. In other words, they present themselves in a favorable light. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: a. clone a mammal. b. focusing on the here and now. Receptor cells in each of the five sensory systems detect energy. c. alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. b. It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. a. a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. Some biological treatments produce significant undesirable effects. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: prejudice and discrimination faced by women. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? 2.3.3.2. 2.3.4. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but also anxiety, insomnia, and pain. a. catharsis. The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). a. The answer is continuous. 120. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: a. improving the clients interactions with others. The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: a. id. c. regression. Watson and Rayner (1920) conducted one of the most famous studies in psychology. Each is unique in its own right and no single model can account for all aspects of abnormality. Learning has two main forms associative learning and observational learning. Irrational thought patterns can be the basis of psychopathology. What is that factor? Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. Next, a fear hierarchy, or list of feared objects and situations, is constructed in which the individual moves from least to most feared. b. rationalization. In order to prevent anxiety in the future, it is common practice to expose someone to stressful situations. b. c. phallic stage. Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: a. spontaneity. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? b. a. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. c. psychoanalysts. c. It is full of abnormal evolutionary principles. Each paradigm focuses mainly on one aspect of human functioning. Try figuring out if you genuinely do not have time to go to the gym by recording what you do each day and then look at open times of the day. Which theory is based on the idea that people constantly evaluate and give meaning to their lives through their actions? d. hormone therapy. Gender plays an important, though at times, unclear role in mental illness. For more on these, visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring. This form of behavior therapy is widely used in clinical, business, and classroom situations. b. hypotheses. The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: a. current thinking in the mental health profession. a. sociocultural b. biocultural c. psychocultural d. cognitive-cultural. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. 137. a. Perls. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. d. conditions of worth. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. The perspectives do offer hope to people suffering tragedy by asserting that we control our destiny and can make our own choices. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. d. secondary process thought. 47. What happens to the neurotransmitters that do not bind to a receptor site? d. the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. This scenario demonstrates trial and error learning or making a response repeatedly if it leads to success. Gambling disorder is a manifestation of the previously desirable behavior of being a risk taker. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. Personalizing Blaming yourself for adverse events rather than seeing the role that others play. The ego has a challenging job to fulfill, balancing both the will of the id and the superego, and the overwhelming anxiety and panic this creates. 165. We should also note the existence of non-associative learning or when there is no linking of information or observing the actions of others around you. A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. For instance, people with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) have difficulty regulating serotonin. b. family therapy. 119. Cats were food deprived the night before the experimental procedure was to occur. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily. Notice when you are having a maladaptive cognition, such as making negative predictions. Figure out what is the worst thing that could happen and what alternative outcomes are possible. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. They protect the neuron from harmful substances. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. E. Regarding the diathesis-stress model, which of the following statements is false? d. classical conditioning. To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. Still, cognitive-behavioral therapies have proven their efficacy for the treatment of OCD (McKay et al., 2015), perinatal depression (Sockol, 2015), insomnia (de Bruin et al., 2015), bulimia nervosa (Poulsen et al., 2014), hypochondriasis (Olatunji et al., 2014), and social anxiety disorder (Leichsenring et al., 2014) to name a few. They include Lisdexamfetamine, the combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, and Methylphenidate. Men with mental illnesses are also less likely to have received mental health treatment than women in the past year. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic-existential, 9. They protect us from anxiety and operate unconsciously by distorting reality. The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely: a. cognitive-behavioral. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can result in a person becoming stuck at a developmental level. Then there is the self-serving bias, which is when we attribute our success to our own efforts (dispositional) and our failures to external causes (situational). For example, some women may experience symptoms of mental disorders at times of hormone change, such as perinatal depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and perimenopause-related depression. d. There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy. When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. Second, the participants in his studies were not representative of the broader population. This shows the recent belief that the key to psychological disorders lies in: a. specific brain structures. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on exploring relationships among a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Dogs do not enter the world knowing to respond to the ringing of a bell (which it hears). c. emphasize health. Add them up and see if making some minor, or major, adjustments to your schedule will free an hour to get in some valuable exercise. a. humanistic therapy. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. The answer is yes and no, depending on whether we are talking about continuous or partial reinforcement. Biological theorists view abnormal behavior as a(n): a. illness. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . c. neurons. The medical model definition is the concept of how mental and emotional issues are related to biological causes and problems. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. MOST likely, this therapist is a _____ therapist. a. existential Describe how the sociocultural model explains mental illness. Genes, Hormonal Imbalances, and Viral Infections. The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the: A. Cognitive model B. Humanistic model C. Behavioral model D. Biopsychosocial model E. psychodynamic model. According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: a. rationalization. We take the information just detected and use it to assign people to categories, or groups. 16. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy are risk factors for ADHD. d. cognitive. 14. 25. Existential therapy is used to treat substance abuse, excessive anxiety, apathy, alienation, nihilism, avoidance, shame, addiction, despair, depression, guilt, anger, rage, resentment, embitterment, purposelessness, psychosis, and violence. I know my grandmother used to. The sociocultural model has contributed significantly to our understanding of the nuances of mental illness diagnosis, prognosis, course, and treatment for other races, cultures, genders, ethnicities. Release of neurotransmitters is stopped. Next, help the client stop thinking these thoughts and replace them with more rational ones. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. Charlotte feels a knot in her stomach when she enters a hospital to visit an ailing aunt. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? d. flight of ideas. 154. 29. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. None of the models are complete within themselves. c. how prejudice and discrimination impact women. b. encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. Glial cells are support cells in the nervous system that serve five main functions: Finally, nerves are a group of axons bundled together like wires in an electrical cable. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. As you can learn desirable behaviors such as watching how your father bags groceries at the grocery store (I did this and still bag the same way today), you can learn undesirable ones too. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. d. quaternary prevention. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? Preconditioning. The patient might change the subject, stop talking, or lose his/her train of thought. Interestingly, younger adults are more likely to develop SAD than older adults. 55. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.. If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely be practicing: a. couple therapy. The last part of the personality to develop is the superego, which represents societys expectations, moral standards, rules, and represents our conscience. 34. When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: Nari was taking the bar exam and was concerned that she didn't know the answers to many of the questions. Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. b. behavioral-focused 1. This model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. Why? c. axons. Really, the sky is the limit with reinforcers in particular. What about other students in the class that you know? Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. All while doing this, we will identify areas of concern for psychologists focused on the treatment of mental disorders. The peripheral nervous system consists of everything outside the brain and spinal cord. A patient has loss of neurons in the cortex and the basal ganglia. Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards - Easy Notecards For more on psychosurgery, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199203/psychosurgery. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict. c. children who very seldom fight. c. ineffective treatment options. Secondary or conditioned reinforcers and punishers are not inherently reinforcing or punishing but must be learned. Someone who studies the _____ model of abnormality focuses on how values and choices affect behavior. c. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. This is known as 50. 108. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? 32. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. The synapse consists of three parts the axon of the sending neuron, the space in between called the synaptic space, gap, or cleft, and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. Behaviorism was dominant from 1913 to 1990 before being absorbed into mainstream psychology. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: a. behavioral. Fortunately, the work of George Miller, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, and Ulrich Neisser demonstrated the importance of cognitive abilities in understanding thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, and in the case of psychopathology, show that people can create their problems by how they come to interpret events experienced in the world around them. Outside of biological and psychological factors on mental illness, race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, etc. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. c. Each paradigm is complete in itself. d. humanistic. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. c. mitigate unacceptable impulses. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. Rates of eating disorders are higher among women than men, though both genders are affected. b. Pavlov realized some stimuli automatically elicited responses (such as salivating to meat powder) and other stimuli had to be paired with these automatic associations for the animal or person to respond to it (such as salivating to a bell). Some commonly used strategies include cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance techniques. 118. Essentially, they wanted to explore the possibility of conditioning various types of emotional response(s). The researchers ran a series of trials in which they exposed a 9-month-old child, known as Little Albert, to a white rat. Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com 78. Solved which statement about catergorical vs dimensions | Chegg.com 2 Models of Abnormality There are six models in Abnormal Psychology which aim to describe and explain psychological abnormalities and how the treatment works for each. Psychopharmacology and psychotropic drugs. d. understand how beliefs and values are related to behaviors. c. overgeneralization. The development of personality. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the clients family structure, societal norms, and the clients roles in society. As fears can be learned, so too they can be unlearned. a. psychodynamic The force that is in control in this example is the: a. id. Evaluate the usefulness of psychodynamic theory. However, people can build up a tolerance to benzodiazepines if they are taken over a long period of time and may need higher and higher doses to get the same effect. Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, difficulty urinating, and irregular heartbeat, to name a few. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. She relapsed and was admitted to Bellevue Sanatorium on July 1, eventually being released in October of the same year. Please note that we will not cover this process in full, but just the parts relevant to our topic of psychopathology. 49. b. anal stage. First, the response is made, and nothing happens. The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is: a. client-centered. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. "That's all right. They are sexual in nature. A) cognitive-behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential B? Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. c. primary process thought. The problem with this approach is that mental disorders are not typically caused by a solitary factor, but multiple causes. 94. How so? 2.3.1.4. We must try to convert what we see into action. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. OCD has an earlier age of onset in girls than boys, with most people being diagnosed by age 19. c. role-playing. 2.3.4.1. Neural transmission. Behaviorally test your thought. Some researchers have manipulated the behaviors and thoughts of study participants to create clinical-like symptoms. Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. None of the models are complete within themselves. This form of learning is called: a. shaping. You can generate a percentage of times you ruminated to the number of successful problem-solving strategies you generated. d. indicator of psychological conflict. 2.2.2.2. Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: a. authentic. According to the psychodynamic model, current behavior is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a. past experiences. There is not a leader, and everyone is equal. They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? Freuds psychosexual stages of personality development are listed below. Ashley is a pole-vaulter ready to go for her event. a. cognitive-behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 10. 43. D) Its symptoms, such as irrational beliefs, are a severe form of illogical thinking. Armed with this stunning revelation, Pavlov spent the rest of his career investigating the learning phenomenon. In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? Communication in the Nervous System. 35. 75. b. denial. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. First, free association involves the patient describing whatever comes to mind during the session. d. synapses. b. learned behavior. There are two main ways they can present themselves. With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: Ashley is a pole-vaulter who is ready for her event.

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