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The 6 Types of Documentary Films - The Beat: A Blog By PremiumBeat The opening . . This movie does not, however, intend to be a documentary about Presley's drug usage. At a time when there is unprecedented financial pressure on makers to lower costs and increase productivity, filmmakers reported that they routinely found themselves in situations where they needed to balance ethical responsibilities against practical considerations. In one case, a filmmaker lacked exciting enough pictures of a particular animal from a shoot, and the executive producer substituted animals from another country. In one case, a filmmaker decided to withhold information about a public figures drug addiction in order to create the strongest cinematic experience. However, even filmmakers who work with television organizations with standards and practices may not benefit from them because the programs are executed through the entertainment divisions. They may be encouraged to alter the story to pump up the excitement, the conflict, or the danger. Where before a small number of players dominated the category, now it is extraordinarily . Cabaret: How the X-rated musical became a hit - BBC - BBC - Homepage I have come around to believe that a small honorarium is OK, that we should cover the subjects expenses and lost work, and that we sure as hell should share profit if we can. The larger truth is that this conversation is going to happen in this city, at some point, and so it doesnt matter that it doesnt happen at this moment. 'Operation Varsity Blues' review: Netflix's hybrid documentary about Click hereto view or download a PDF of this report. But if you want to really explore it, you have to shape and bend. One filmmaker recalled omitting a section on request. if the regular price of the hats is 25$, how many hats could be bought at the sale price it a shopper spent 105? . The trend towards faster and cheaper documentaries and the assembly line nature of work has proven challenging to filmmakers understanding of their obligations to subjects in particular. On the next take, they then asked, Should we break its leg again? . Oscars: How the Doc Shorts Race Became More Competitive - The Hollywood her less experienced colleague takes 2.0 hours to complete an inspection. . Dixon suggests viewers beware certain hallmarks designed to sway them. an. The core data was gathered in long-form, hour-long interviews, grounded in open-ended questions, conducted usually by phone. The assembly-line nature of the production process also threatens the integrity of agreements made between producers and their subjects as a condition of filming. The growth of commercial opportunities and the prominence of politics as a documentary subject also produced tensions. He wanted us to interview someone else as a precondition [for using his own interview], Nelson said. subject matter. Notably, this attitude does not extend to celebrities, whom filmmakers found to be aggressive and powerful in controlling their image. Perhaps because the terms of these releases were not their own, filmmakers often provided more leeway to their subjects than the strict terms provided in them. if the regular price od the book is $25, how many books could be bought at the sale price if a shopper spent $105? The interview pool consisted of 41 directors or producer-directors who had released at least two productions at a national level and who have authorial control. In the case of viewers, they believed that they were obligated to provide a generally truthful narrative or story, even if some of the means of doing that involved misrepresentation, manipulation, or elision. What Is a Subject Matter Expert? (With 5 Steps To Become One) "Zappa" gives its subject his well-earned due within the rock firmament. if the bartenders total pay for the moth was $4,250. He said, I didnt have a [moral] dilemma. Honest Truths: Documentary Filmmakers on Ethical Challenges in Their 5 7 11 17. 25. an automobile factory produces 75 cars in an hour. 25\ m ^ { 2 } } \end{array}\quad \begin{array} { l } {C. 10 \sqrt { 3 }\ m ^ { 2 } } \\ {D. 5 \sqrt { 3 }\ m ^ { 2 } } \end{array} The awareness of a power differential also leads filmmakers sometimes to volunteer to share decision-making power with some subjects. Explain how to write 29452629^{\circ} 45^{\prime} 26^{\prime \prime}294526 as a decimal degree measure. . On June 30, Netflix debuted its latest big-ticket true-crime documentary, Sophie: A Murder in West Cork, a three-part deep dive into . SMEs are especially in high demand in workplaces requiring a technical approach to operations and culture. To look at a homicide that happened seven years ago, and look at who did itits good entertainment. This is an area that we havent really worked out, where a big conversation needs to happen. Despite its detours, this doc about the alleged 1948 massacre of a Palestinian village clicks into a sobering portrait of collective memory. . That was really helpful to me. Its not meant to be consumed the day its produced.. you have to be truthful. Louis Massiah reiterated this. Filmmakers admitted to not telling the whole truth or concealing their motivation or their films true politics to get access to a subject or to get the scene you want to get. In one case, a filmmaker hid the fact from a political candidate that his film was about the opposing candidate. The ethical conflicts put in motion by these features of a filmmakers embattled-truth-teller identity are, ironically for a truth-telling community, unable to be widely shared or even publicly discussed in most individual cases. Someone else will be culling footage from your film. Concerns about documentary ethics are not new, but they have intensified over the past several years in response to changes in the industry. Guy Clark Music Documentary Looks to Get Its SXSW Due, One Year Later "Without Getting Killed or Caught," which also deals with the legacy of singer-songwriter Townes Van Zandt, faces a very . a store has a sale where all hats are sold at a discount of 40%. In one of the most intense moments of director Joshua Oppenheimers acclaimed film, The Look of Silence, viewers are treated to an unflinching, discomfiting shot that gives the film its title: A former militiaman and mass murderer, now elderly, stares into the camera, his eyes eerily magnified by optometrists testing lenses as he searches, with the audience, for an answer to his horrendous crimes, the silence as penetrating as his gaze. When (filmmakers) feel we have to pick up the ball dropped by the news media, that means we will not prioritize being artists anymore. That more cinematic approach to documentary filmmaking is new, said Stacey Woelfel, the director of the University of Missouri's Center for Documentary Journalism, but it's present in many modern documentaries like "The Jinx," "Blackfish" and others. Unbeknownst to me, the [animal wrangler] broke the next rabbits leg, so it couldnt run. In that part, friendship wasnt helpful in making the film, even though it is during the production phase., Filmmakers accepted significant manipulation of the situation in filming without regarding it as a betrayal of viewer expectations. Especially on a historical documentary, I keep to the facts. In some ways, Michael Mann's Ali, starring an Oscar-nominated Will Smith in the title role, plays like When We Were Kings stretched out into a moody, ambient-leaning slow motion. . She has organized programs with the Human Rights Film Festival, Brooklyn Museum and Film Society of Lincoln Center and currently teaches arts management at CUNY Baruch. Will this 23-year-old tutor win her 23rd Jeopardy! game? Filmmakers were asked to speak about their own experiences, focusing on the recent past, rather than generalizing about the field. Its too misleading to the audience. They also respected broadcasters fact-checking departments, and some found that people in those departments were willing to push back against network pressures to fudge facts or artificially enhance drama. Clockwise from top left: Casting JonBenet; Homecoming, Dirty Money, They'll Love Me When I'm Dead; Miss Americana; Jim & Andy. what percentage of the remaining employees are in team A, what is the average of the following numbers 1, 4, 8, 17, in a retail store with 36 employees, 26 work with costumers, 11 work in the warehouse and 4 do neither. In one case, Sam Pollard asked a subject to redo an interview in order to get a more emotionally rich version of a painful moment when he had been abused by police in prison. In London, people expect fees for interviews, etc., anytime you take up someones time. Its not about 1965, its about the terrible consequences of impunity in the present.. if both individuals start working at the same time and each spends 70 hours completing inspections over the course of a month, how many total inspections will they have completed? So to use archival footage . a bartenders monthly pay consist of $2,400 base salary plus 10% in tips aon average for all drinks sold. He said, Its a rotten thing to have done journalistically. if the total sales of the beverages for that morning was $700, how many $3 beverages were sold, a school year begins with 24 students trying out for the basketball team 20 students trying out for the debate team. The keenly felt power differential between filmmaker and subject led some filmmakers to make unilateral storytelling decisions, usually to omit material, with empathy for the subjects. Another filmmaker said that while she would not show subjects the current work, she would show previous films she had made, as a way of gaining their trust. Stanley Nelson said, People have to know and feel its a recreation. It has no ethics. They didnt demand it, but they were right. That lack of balance and fairness is precisely the worry for some journalists and media analysts. To a certain extent, SeaWorld is right, Dixon said, though he liked the film. They also lacked support for ethical deliberation under typical work pressures. Filmmakers were acutely aware of the implications of telling a story one way rather than another. the more fundamental questions are related to matters of life and death. They were much happier, I was much happier, and the film was better because of it.. I was making a film about someone who was not loved . Finally, filmmakers generally expressed frustration in two areas. What were seeing now is a democratization of storytelling in a way that gives John Q. Oppenheimers film (currently streaming on Netflix and airing on PBS June 27) examines the fallout from a world that wasnt paying attention in the mid-1960s when thousands of people were killed in the Indonesian genocide many of the perpetrators and unapologetic murderers remain significant community members and political leaders in Indonesia today. WasFahrenheit 9/11accurate in its factual indictment of the Bush administrations geopolitics? But the emotion-first approach can be problematic, Dixon said, when the line between documentary film and what he calls advocacy films is blurred based on what a filmmaker chooses to include or emphasize. Colorblind Ideology Is a Form of Racism | Psychology Today an=(4.5,2,0.5,3,5.5,)? Many even see themselves as executors of a higher truth, framed within a narrative. The subjective line between fact-finding and cinema is a conundrum critics recognize about Oppenheimers work even as they praise it. Where institutional standards and practices exist, as in the news divisions of some broadcast and cablecast networks, filmmakers felt helpfully guided by them. Co-director, Center for Media & Social Impact, American University, Peter Jaszi, " Free Chol Soo Lee " charts the . Viewers are also reticent to call Oppenheimer's work pure documentary, given how Oppenheimer utilizes certain cinematic techniques. A journalist wouldnt show you the footage. "But we dont know what a balanced media diet looks like.. . They believe that their viewers are dependent on their ethical choices. They said it will be upsetting for children, and that the films point is solely to talk about material science. Sometimes filmmakers are constrained by contract, but far more often they are constrained by the fear that openly discussing ethical issues will expose them to risk of censure or may jeopardize the next job. For a film involving high school students, filmmaker Stanley Nelson asked which students smoked marijuana. It would have made a fabulous turning point in the film, but I didnt include it. In the case of subjects who they believed were less powerful in the relationship than themselves, they believed that their work should not harm the subjects or leave them worse off than before. Some filmmakers, however, did give subjects the right to decide whether or not their material should be included in the film. In the edit room . . Would you believe an interview with Dick Cheney if you knew he was paid a hefty honorarium? But Im reconsidering, after seeing the good sense of Errol Morris paying his subjects inStandard Operating Procedure. [You have to be] obsessively careful. . First and foremost the kids education is at stake. That kind of authenticity shook the tree of trust.. Watch documentaries that dont align with your opinion, Breyer said. We are spending $500 on a dinner for 5 people. And you want to be honorable. His promotion of the term has been criticized, by scholar Brian Winston, among others, for allowing ethical choices to go unexamined. When the filmmaker showed a scene of a handcuffed minor in juvenile halla crucial and pivotal sceneto the family, in spite of having releases, the mother objected. For instance, filmmakers also regularly used re-creations (re-staging of events that have already occurred, whether in the recent or distant past), although they widely believed that it was important that audiences be made aware somehow that the footage is recreated. . Filmmakers need to share both experience and vocabulary and to be able to question their own and others decision-making processes without encountering prohibitive risk. A more extended and vigorous conversation is needed in order to cultivate such understanding in this field of creative practice. if the cost per dozen eggs rises to $1.80, how much more will the restaurant have to pay for eggs per week, based on the ______________ behavior and _________________ toward service staff exhibited by the job applicant before his interview, the hiring manager decided not to move forward with his application. You always have to be aware of the power that you as a filmmaker have in relationship to your subject. At the same time, they recognized that professional obligations might force them at least to cause pain. But even more valuable, Winter gives Zappa pride of place among the most important composers of the 20th century . Documentary films are becoming more popular - Deseret News In relation to viewers, they often justified the manipulation of individual facts, sequences, and meanings of images, if it meant telling a story more effectively and helped viewers grasp the main, and overall truthful, themes of a story. Filmmakers also try to prevent material featuring their subjects from being reused by other filmmakers in ways that might misrepresent them in new contexts. I changed it . The interview was important for the film, Nelson said, and he believed the request was motivated by desire to control the film. This second relationship became primary in the postfilming part of the production process. Experts say that its no coincidence that documentary films are enjoying boosted popularity at a time when trust in the media is at an all-time low. Filmmakers surveyed contrasted notions of a higher truth with concern for factual accuracy of discrete data, which they also valued but often regarded as a lower-level standard to meet. So many people only pay attention to material they agree with.. Adi Rukun, left, questions Commander Amir Siahaan, one of the death squad leaders responsible for his brothers death during the Indonesian genocide, in Joshua Oppenheimers documentary The Look of Silence. Courtesy of Drafthouse Films and Participant Media. the documentary became popular due to its subject matter, it dealt with sensitive topic but _____ the information in a palatable way surmised a bookstore has a sale where all hardcore books are sold at a discount of 40%. At the same time, many of the filmmakers surveyed spoke of commercial pressures, particularly in the cable business, to make decisions they believed to be unethical. . This study demonstrates the need to have a more public and ongoing conversation about ethical problems in documentary filmmaking. All interviewees were provided with a consent form that had been approved by the American University Institutional Review Board, and all were offered anonymity. This relationship was, however, much more abstract than the one with their subjects. Joshua Oppenheimer, left, director of the Oscar-nominated documentary film The Act of Killing, poses with the films producer Signe Byrge Sorensen at a reception featuring the Oscar nominees in the Documentary Feature and Documentary Short Subject categories on Feb. 26, 2014, in Beverly Hills, Calif. A scene from Joshua Oppenheimers documentary The Look of Silence. Courtesy of Drafthouse Films and Participant Media. (Documentaries) can offer in-depth, detailed looks at what the news media will only superficially cover, but theyre more and more opinion based and less fact based, said Wheeler Winston Dixon, Ryan professor of film studies at the University of Nebraska Lincoln. how many employees both work with customers and work in the warehouse, in an upcoming election 75% of the landlocked voters will vote for candidate A, while the rest will vote for candidate B; 20% of coastal voters will vote for candidate A while the rest will vote candidate B. which of the following represents the lowes percentage from all voters combined (landlocked and coastal) that must be landlocked (not coastal) in orderer candidate A to win, the graph show the number of book a book store sold per month. I dont think you can call that a documentary because a documentary presents the whole picture.. . Its important to lift up people who tell their stories, as opposed to making them victims. We make the films we make because of these relationships we build. All Rights Reserved. Explain the error. Steven Ascher said that revealing a subjects weaknesses or positions that the audience is likely to find laughable or repellant can be justified when they are taking advantage of other people or when they are so completely convinced of their own rightness, they would be happy with their portrayal. An independent filmmaker said that his financially strapped subjects could see that we had money to make the movie, and we were making money ourselves off their tragedy, at a time when they could not work because of dealing with [a difficult situation]. In this regard, many found institutional rules against payment to be arbitrary and even counterproductive. If Americans substitute documentary film for hard news reports and daily journalism, it could have major implications for journalism and for how Americans view the world around them. One filmmakers client hired her to make an educational documentary for middle school kids and to leave out the fact that Americans dropped the first atomic bomb. When the facts of a film are up to a single filmmaker, the truth, too, can become subject to style choices. In this case, they worked for a good-faith relationship that would not put their subjects at risk or cause them to be worse off than they were before the relationship began. Rather the opposite, in fact: faced with evidence of or a decision for inaccuracy or manipulation, they often moved the truth to a higher conceptual level, that of higher truth.. To me the difference is that journalism offers us a window into new information and ideally tries to put it into context so it can be useful somehow. I sacrificed a little bit of accuracy. . The journalistic approach is the news comes first and story second. It was the right thing to do, he said, because it was their lives, their stories that made it successful. The two central characters had equal shares with the three filmmakers. However, when filmmakers did not empathize with, understand, or agree with the subjects concern, or when they believed the subject had more social power than they did, they overrode it. Still another grappled with this issue in the editing room: I was complaining to someone [that] I feel some allegiance to them, and the person said that at this point your only allegiance should be with the audience. Data were reviewed by an advisory board composed of two industry veteransfilmmaker and author Sheila Curran Bernard and filmmaker and professor Jon Elseand documentary film scholar Bill Nichols. But I feel like its important to get the big-picture truth of the situation on camera. [Our subject] had one for radio; we used the audio and made a commercial [to go with the audio]. What are their concerns? The whole truth is always more complex than whats on newsprint or celluloid. SeaWorld declined to cooperate with filmmakers and called the film propaganda.". within last week 6 students have dropped out of the basketball team and 2 students have dropped out of the debate tryouts. Filmmakers observed these principles with widely shared limitations. Gordon Quinn recalled, I made a film in the 70s about an 11-year -old girl growing up. The minute you start to pick and choose facts, youre making fiction. . When Im working on a doc, I try not to lie, said Sam Pollard. It made the film better. How To Become A Subject Matter Expert - eLearning Industry When you have a scene or moment in the film, you may realize its just a great moment, and then you realize the subject doesnt want that moment on screen. Documentary vs. Biopic: Which Film Genre Is Better? - Collider Vietnam veteran and biker Ron " Stray Dog " Hall is the subject of "Winter's Bone" director Debra Granik's documentary debut "Stray Dog," which follows Hall's bike club on a . However, what I will call the content of a film often contains something further. What I think makes a documentary is attempting to tell a story in a way that helps, but it doesnt always adhere to the rules of journalism, Cross said. Steven Ascher said: You could argue that cutaways in a scene filmed with one camera are a distortionyou cut from a person talking to a reaction shot, condensing or reshuffling dialogue before you cut back to the person. In one extreme case, for instance, the filmmaker did not protect a subject who implied that he had committed a murder. This report reveals profound ethical conflicts informing the daily work of documentarians. I may get in by a sneaky way but hold up standards in the final product. Another gained access to someone in prison by writing on BBC letterhead stationery, although he was not working for the BBC. When were children, we have teachers and parents who tell us that if we eat nothing but candy, well die," Woelfel said. You have to serve the truth. Another filmmaker unapologetically recalled alienating his subjects because he had, in the interest of the viewers and of his own artistic values, included frank comments that caused members of their own community to turn against them. We showed her the piece first. The ethical tensions in the second focused on ways to maintain a viewers faith in the accuracy and integrity of the work. We discussed it with her, and then she felt comfortable. After discussion with his team and with professional historians, he decided for the atypical shot, because it communicated his point (that Long used bodyguards) more rapidly. In both cases, militating against what filmmakers might prefer personally to do was the obligation to complete a compelling and honest documentary story within budget. a safety specialist can complete an inspection in .5 hours. Making a Murderer is exploitation entertainment, Dixon said. There is a huge danger that paying for talk will undermine the honesty of the talk, and that it will poison the river for the next filmmaker. I want to always be able to send the DVD to them. Another explained, You owe them always having in your mind the power you have as a filmmaker, presenting them to millions of people. Of course, doing your homework and keeping up with current eLearning trends is a must. I have to be careful not to abuse the friendship with the subject, but its a rapport that is somewhat false, said one. Director nixed Jeffrey Epstein project due to 'distasteful' subject matter. The felt power differential also led them to protect their subjects when they believed they were vulnerablenot, however, at the expense of preserving their own artistic options. Most of those makers had experience both with nonprofit outlets, such as public TV, and with cable or commercial network television. They believe that they come into a situation where their subjects, whether people or animals, are relatively powerless and theyas media makershold some power. Jump cuts might be more honest about the rearranging going on but might be unwatchable. Everyone raised their hands. I at this point had a hobby of buying super 8 films at a flea market, found some home movies from the 50s of a family, it worked perfectly, a kid his age, house, it was perfect. Best Low-Budget Movies That Became Big Blockbusters - Collider The Times described the documentary not only as focusing on women in politics, but more specifically on women of color, their communities, and the significant changes they have wrought upon America. You have to be 99.9 percent sure that people will know. Some filmmakers also stage events to occur at a time convenient to the filming. The differing styles of documentary and injection of cinematic elements that arguably make them more interesting has made it harder to define documentary and its goals even among professionals, no two definitions of a documentary are quite the same. I regret it. They eschew conflict of interest. March of the Penguins (2005) Dir. We want to have a human relationship with our subjects, said Gordon Quinn, but there are boundaries that should not be crossed. Its your reputation. a group of numbers has an average of 18. the first three numbers are 12, 24, 16. what is the other number, an investor purchases cryptocurrency for $1000 unit. At the same time, they themselves are vulnerable in a wider media system. By Justin Sayles Jul 9, 2021, 6:30am EDT. I feel like I approached the subject differently. It may be a necessary sacrifice if the media is going to continue not to investigate things like Indonesia.. . The relationship between documentary subject and documentarian has been fraught with conflict since the genre's evolution beyond "actualities" and into a narrative format pioneered by Robert Flaherty. if both individuals start working at the same time, and each works 56 hours completing tooth canals over the course of one month, how many tooth canals will they have completed, taking issue with media reports, the president_____ that she had no plans to step down and ____________ claims that her office was guilty of corruption. In a world where people deny the Holocaust, you dont want to give wind to that fire. a home goods stores sells 385 lamps in the month of July. it would have been a betrayal to not listen to her. Ross Kaufman noted that the subjects disagreed with the coda at the end of one of his films, saying that it did not ring true to them . They widely shared the notions of Do no harm and Protect the vulnerable., They usually treated this relationship as less than friendship and more than a professional relationship, and often as one in which the subject could make significant demands on the filmmaker. I had to do it. While some said that they would never lie to a subject about what they were doing in the film, many believed that the decision needed to be taken on a case-by-case basis, considering the goal of the film and the relationship with the viewer. This Is Elvis movie review & film summary (1981) | Roger Ebert It was so powerful. What It's Like to Be the Subject of a Documentary Film if the regular price od the book is $25, how many books could be bought at the sale price if a shopper spent $105? But that doesnt mean that I dont bend the truth. One filmmaker said I might hire a scholar for a day to consult with me on a script, so why cant I pay a musician whos made little money and felt exploited by white people their whole life?

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