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[167] In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. As the Soviet Union fell apart in the early 1990s, the Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh, a culturally Armenian region in Azerbaijan, fought for independence from Azerbaijan with support from Armenia, and the Armenian Diaspora. Armenia also recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. The new government in Istanbul began to look on the Armenians with distrust and suspicion, because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers. For a more casual side, visit the lively Vernisaj Market or climb the stairs of the Yerevan Cascade. Since entrance is free, lighting a candle can be a nice, but completely optional gesture. [117] The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. [118] One of them stated that the implementation of the protocols did not imply Armenia's official recognition of the existing Turkish-Armenian border established by the Treaty of Kars. Text taken from UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030, 324–26, UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing. Shutdown of the nuclear power plant in 1989 lead to the Armenian energy crisis of 1990s. However, the main driver of innovation, the business sector, is not mentioned. Female travellers should be aware that unaccompanied women are an unusual sight after dark. From Tbilisi to Yerevan they take this same route and cost about 35 lari. Alcoholic: Vodka, tutti oghi (mulberry vodka), honi oghi (cornelian cherry vodka), Tsirani oghi (apricot vodka), local beer (Kilikia, Kotayk, Gyumri), wine (can also be made of pomegranate), and brandy. It is bounded by Georgia in the north, Azerbaijan in the east, Iran in the southeast and Turkey in the west. The land rises to 4,090 metres (13,419 feet) above sea level at Mount Aragats, and no point is below 390 metres (1,280 ft) above sea level. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century,[70] Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. Over 93% of Christians in Armenia belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is in communion only with the churches comprising Oriental Orthodoxy—of which it is itself a member. It is also considered polite to let women first to the bus or train or to enter a room, and the "ladies first" rule is considered important. [210], Due to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. Public transportation is very good and inexpensive (about 100 dram/10 km) in Armenia, with timetables here and connections here. Tipping is increasingly common in Armenia, especially at cafes and restaurants. The Dashnaks also worked for the wider goal of creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia, although they sometimes set aside this goal in favour of a more realistic approach, such as advocating autonomy. Most of these are plentiful at Vernissage, a seemingly never-ending weekend flea market next to Republic Square with the more touristy stuff in the back half, further from Republic Square. Do . During the 1230s, the Mongol Empire conquered Zakarid Armenia and then the remainder of Armenia. Armenia covers an area of 29,743 sq. Physical map of Armenia showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps. There are also smaller communities of Vlachs, Mordvins, Ossetians, Udis, and Tats. Sevan (Armenie: Սեվան; till 1935, Elenovka or Yelenovka Roushie: Еленовка) is a ceety an a popular resort in Armenie, in the Gegharkunik Province, lees on the northren shores o Lake Sevan.The toun is foondit on a hicht o ower 1900 metres abuin sea level, 66 kilometres north-east o the caipital Yerevan, an 40 kilometres north o Gavar, the admeenistrative centre o Gegharkunik region.It wis foondit in 1842 as … Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). The Nagorno-Karabakh War dominated the region's politics throughout the 1990s. Not as common as in the days of the post-Soviet collapse, hitchhiking is still perfectly safe and acceptable, and travellers hitchhiking are not an uncommon sight on the main routes. Various vassal states, principalities, kingdoms and empires rose and fell in different parts of this highland during history. Ararat (Armenie: Արարատ; umwhile, Davalu) is a ceety in Armenie in the province o Ararat, aboot 42 km sooth-east o Yerevan.. The movement used the treaty as the occasion to declare itself the rightful government of Turkey, replacing the monarchy based in Istanbul with a republic based in Ankara. Ul founded Armenia; and Gather the Bactrians; and Mesa the Mesaneans; it is now called Charax Spasini. Many hotels and cafes provide WiFi for their guests. Historically, this event coincides with the destruction of Akkad by the Gutian dynasty of Sumer in 2115 BC,[47] a time when Hayk may have left with the "more than 300 members of his household" as told in the legend, and also during the beginning of when a Mesopotamian Dark Age was occurring due to the fall of the Akkadian Empire in 2154 BC which may have acted as a backdrop for the events in the legend making him leave Mesopotamia.[48]. The new world faced by Armenians after the fall of the Soviet Union has seen great social changes especially in the capital, Yerevan. The Christian Armenians on the Ottomans' Russian border were considered liable to side with Russia and so they were treated as an enemy. The dram is accepted everywhere, and in some rare cases US dollars will be accepted for larger purchases - though the dram is the only legal currency for commerce. The border is not busy at all, so when hitching, you have to mainly stick with the truck drivers and Russian or Farsi helps a lot here. The apricot is the national fruit. : Independent Armenia far below the glory of Soviet times on the pitch, mat", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenia&oldid=980711765, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Take another US$20 to hire a car for the day to visit the surrounding historical sites. Local calls can be made from kiosks or the rare payphone. [184], Armenian is the only official language. Prices are 100 dram/km, and often taxi drivers will just point to the km counter, meaning they will multiply the final km with 100. Clarendon Press", "Charles, R.H. (1913). It is here that the biblical mountains of Ararat (and today's eponymous cognac brand) can be found. However, relations soured in the late nineteenth century which saw various massacres of Armenians. [183] However, due to the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, virtually all of them emigrated from Armenia to Azerbaijan. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. Some travellers have been charged as much as US$20 (the approximate equivalent of three times the official price), but as of August 2015 you will be charged US$10 for a 21-day visa at the Bagratashen-Sadakhlo border crossing. The city of Sevan, due to its proximity to Yerevan, is the most popular place on Lake Sevan but the history, culture and non-Western European feel of the accommodations change as you go south on Lake Sevan. However, the route via Alaverdi is said to be maintained badly. [103], Mount Ararat, which was historically part of Armenia, is the highest mountain in the region. However the origins of the name Hayastan trace back to much earlier dates and were first attested in circa 5th century in the works of Agathangelos,[24][25] Faustus of Byzantium,[26][27] Ghazar Parpetsi,[28] Koryun,[29] and Sebeos.[30]. In addition, just days prior, on 5 August 1920, Mihran Damadian of the Armenian National Union, the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia, declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate.[85]. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Overall, Yerevan is also safe, though theft and pickpocketing are not unheard of, particularly targeting foreigners. The associated border crossing near Bavra is quick, though the condition of the roads on the Georgian side is appalling. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. Nagorno-Karabakh is covered separately from Armenia and Azerbaijan as this reflects the de facto situation. Razmik Panossian, The Armenians: From Kings And Priests to Merchants And Commissars, Rafael Ishkhanyan, "Illustrated History of Armenia," Yerevan, 1989, De Mieroop, Marc Van. While most Armenians consider themselves European, their social conservatism in some realms sets them apart from western Europeans. Also, several marshrutkas leave daily from Akhalkalaki into Armenia (Gyumri). Evening breezes blowing down the mountains provide a welcome refreshing and cooling effect. One can find out more about the Armenian Genocide by visiting the museum at the 'Tsitsernakaberd' Genocide Memorial. As observed on the physical map of Armenia above, the topography of the country is very rugged and mountainous. There was even consideration of making Armenia a mandate under the protection of the United States. The Constitution of Armenia guarantees freedom of speech and Armenia ranks 78th in the 2015 Press Freedom Index report compiled by Reporters Without Borders, between Lesotho and Sierra Leone. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 1 jul 2020 om 08:31. Do not expect hot water all hours of the day, but you can have a lovely room that will accommodate a family, including food for about US$20 a day. One can still try to enter/leave the train though and ticket inspectors may allow this. [148] Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts. Flag cars down by holding your arm in front of you and patting the air; this is how taxis, buses and mashrutkas are flagged. Djokaeff and Boghossian won the 1998 FIFA World Cup with France, Andranik Teymourian competed in the 2006 World Cup for Iran and Edgar Manucharyan played in the Dutch Eredivisie for Ajax. On the Armenian side, you can get as far as Meghri by one Marschrutka a day from Yerevan. In January 2002, the European Parliament noted that Armenia may enter the EU in the future. The borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey are closed. [citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. The map can be downloaded, printed, and used for map-pointing activities or coloring. However, almost all Armenians can speak some Russian because Armenia was part of the Soviet Union, and Russian continues to be a compulsory second language in schools. You should always talk quietly when you are visiting a church. De Ye-150 is het vermelden waard omdat deze speciaal gebouwd werd voor het testen van de Tumanski R-15-motoren, waarvan er uiteindelijk twee de MiG-25 zouden voortstuwen. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Roman temple, built in the first century AD, Garni, Central Armenia. De MiG-25 maakte het Westen erg onrustig en zorgde voor sterk verbeterde prestaties van de McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle eind jaren 60. Many Armenians believe that Russian rule saved Armenia from complete Turkish extermination, and many Armenians are Slavophiles. [citation needed], Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk (Հայկ), the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah, who, according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene (Movsis Khorenatsi), defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region. Dit betekende dat er een grote verbetering nodig was van het verdedigingssysteem van de PVO. Key facts about Armenia. You must dial "0" in front of the geographic area code from outside that particular area code (but when still within Armenia). Turkey and the Republic of Armenia", "Baku and Moscow – 'One Hundred Percent Strategic Partners, "Interview with RA National Assembly Speaker Artur Baghdasaryan", "How Armenia Could Approach the European Union", "EU launches negotiations on Association Agreements with Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia", "Armenia-EU association agreement may be concluded shortly | Armenia News", "3rd Plenary Round of the EU–Armenia Negotiation on the Association Agreement", "ДОГОВОР О ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ К ДОГОВОРУ О ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ СОЮЗЕ ОТ 29 МАЯ 2014 ГОДА (Минск, 10 октября 2014 года)", "Armenia To Join Russian-Led Customs Union", "New agreement signed between the European Union and Armenia set to bring tangible benefits to citizens – EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission", "EU and Armenia take stock on Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement implementation | EU Neighbours", "Change in democracy index score from 2017 to 2018 in Europe", "The retreat of global democracy stopped in 2018", "Armenia : A revolution live-streamed | Reporters without borders", "Armenia improves positions in World Press Freedom Index by 19 points: Pashinyan confident in continuation of progress", "Last shift of Armenian peacekeepers in Iraq returns home", "Armenia sends military deminers and medics to support Russian mission in Syria", "Armenian Eyes, Ears on US Genocide Vote", "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012-2018", "How Armenia Plans to Become the Next World-Class Hiking Destination", "Armenia Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption", "Economic Freedom of the World: 2018 Annual Report", "Doing Business in Armenia – World Bank Group", "The Araratian Baccalaureate: A guide for universities", "Chart – World Development Indicators (Google Public Data Explorer)", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer", "Jerusalem – The Old City: The Armenian Quarter", "San Lazzaro degli Armeni – Venice for Visitors", "World's largest Yazidi temple under construction in Armenia", "New Index Shows Least-, Most-Accepting Countries for Migrants", "The South Caucasus Between The EU and the Eurasian Union", "Armenia – Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? Also, they are excellent to negotiate a price. However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social structure, Armenians faced pervasive discrimination. [61], Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Soon, the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well. Armenia has only two working airports (Yeveran and Shirak) but there are no internal flights between them. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. During the Soviet era, Azerbaijanis were historically the second largest population in the country (forming about 2.5% in 1989). luchtverdedigingseenheid van de Sovjet-Unie, https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikojan-Goerevitsj_MiG-25&oldid=56651380, Wikipedia:Lokale afbeelding anders dan op Wikidata, Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen, Algerije, Armenië, Azerbeidzjan, Kazachstan, Rusland, Syrië, Turkmenistan. If you were to question whether it happened you would probably be considered ignorant or rude. [167] Russian was still widely taught, however, as a second language. Jubilees 8:21 also apportions the Mountains of Ararat to Shem, which Jubilees 9:5 expounds to be apportioned to Aram. The Mongolian invasions were soon followed by those of other Central Asian tribes, such as the Kara Koyunlu, Timurid dynasty and Ağ Qoyunlu, which continued from the 13th century until the 15th century. [120] The Armenian President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that, as the leader of the political majority of Armenia, he assured the parliamentary ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Georgia, Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan. Matsun (yogurt) is a traditional Armenian dairy product that has centuries of history. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. From Meghri, it is around 8 km to the border and hitching or taking a taxi is the only option. There is a hefty surcharge of approximately US$10 for changing traveler checks, which in general are not widely used in Armenia. The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Its roots go back to the 1st century AD, when it was founded by two of Jesus' twelve apostles – Thaddaeus and Bartholomew – who preached Christianity in Armenia between AD 40–60. Armenia became the world's first Christian country in 301 AD. [72][73] This period is known as Russian Armenia. A 21-day visa obtained in advance from an embassy (not online) costs US$8. Small hotels and B&Bs are available in the area of Stepanavan, Odzun, Tumanian, etc. † 2011 censusSources: Area and population of provinces. According to Gallup research conducted in 2017 Armenia has one of the highest migrant acceptance (welcoming) rates in eastern Europe. The world average for domestic expenditure on research was 1.7% of GDP in 2013.
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